List of Nobel Prize Winners - 2022

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022:

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022:

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022:

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022:

The Nobel Prize in Peace 2022:

The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2022:

List of Nobel Laureates – 2022

Here is a complete breakdown of “The Nobel Prize winners – 2022”.

The Nobel Laureates in Physics 2022:

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger.

Alain Aspect:

• Alain Aspect, a French Physicist, won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics for his experiments with quantum entanglement
• Aspect passed his civil service examination in Physics in 1969 and received a bachelor’s degree from the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan (ENS Cachan)
• In 1971, Aspect received a master’s degree, and in 1983, he received a Ph.D. from the Université d’Orsay
• Before starting his Ph.D., Aspect performed his national service as a teacher in Cameroon from 1971 to 1974 and later joined as a lecturer at the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan in Paris in 1974
• For his graduate research, Aspect developed experiments to test Bell’s inequalities concerning entangled photons
• In 1985, he accepted a position at the Collège de France in Paris as a scientist in the atomic Physics department. He became a senior scientist at the Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l’Institut d’Optique, in Palaiseau, near Paris.

John Clauser:

• John F. Clauser, an American Physicist won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics for his experiments with quantum entanglement
• Clauser graduated from the California Institute of Technology in 1964 with a bachelor’s degree in Physics and continued his studies in Physics at Columbia University, where he earned a master’s degree in 1966 and a doctorate in 1969
• He held postdoctoral positions from 1969 to 1975 at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• During the late 1980s, Clauser worked in the private sector as a senior scientist at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)
• In 1990, he joined the physics faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, as a research scientist. He has been working independently as a private consultant since 1997.

Anton Zeilinger:

• Anton Zeilinger, an Austrian Physicist won the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physics for his experiments with quantum entanglement
• Zeilinger attended the University of Vienna and studied Physics from 1963 to 1971 when he graduated with a doctorate
• During the 1970s he served as a research assistant at the Atominstitut Vienna 
• In 1979 he served as a research associate in the Neutron Diffraction Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the same year he completed the process of habilitation at the Vienna University of Technology
• Later in 1981 he returned to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and served on the Physics faculty as a visiting associate professor until 1983
• From the 1980s to 1990s, Zeilinger accepted professorships at the Vienna University of Technology and served as the scientific director at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Vienna between 2004 and 2013 and the president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 2013 to 2022. He became an emeritus professor at the University of Vienna in 2013.

The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2022:

Carolyn Bertozzi:

• Carolyn R. Bertozzi, an American chemist won the 2022 Nobel Prize for the Chemistry category for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal reactions
• She was well known for her application of chemical synthesis to the study of biological systems
• She coined the term 'bioorthogonal chemistry' to describe the use of click reactions—quick, simple chemical reactions—to study living cells
• Along with this research, she also proved that such reactions could be carried out inside living cells to map molecules and cell function, without disturbing normal cellular chemistry
• Bertozzi received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. 
• She was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1993 to 1995 and later became an assistant professor at Berkeley in 1996 and a full professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology in 2002
• From 2006 to 2015 she was director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience facility, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and later in 2015 she became a professor of chemistry at Stanford University.

Morten Meldal:

• Morten P. Meldal, a Danish chemist, won the 2022 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discoveries in the copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
• Meldal attended the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), where he studied chemical engineering, focusing specifically on the synthesis of oligosaccharides and graduating with a Ph.D. in 1983
• He subsequently studied peptide synthesis as a postdoctoral researcher at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the University of Cambridge and, later, at the University of Copenhagen
• In 1996 he returned to DTU, becoming a professor there. Two years later he accepted a professorship at the University of Copenhagen, where in 2011 he became a professor of nanochemistry at the Nano-Science Centre
• His research into the synthesis of peptides and other organic compounds contributed to the development of click chemistry, in which simple, quick, high-yielding reactions are used to make functional biomolecules
• Meldal was known in particular for his work on copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuACC), a highly efficient chemical reaction in click chemistry, which he developed simultaneously and independently of American chemist K. Barry Sharpless. 

K. Barry Sharpless:

• K. Barry Sharpless, an American scientist, was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2001 and 2022. He was the fifth person to receive two Nobel Prizes
• In 2001, K. Barry Sharpless was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions."
• In 2022, K. Barry Sharpless was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry."
• Sharpless received a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1968. After postdoctoral work, he joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1970. 
• He was appointed the Scripps Research Institute's W.M. Keck Professor of chemistry in La Jolla, California, in 1990.

The Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine 2022:

Svante Pääbo:

• Svante Pääbo is a Swedish geneticist who specialises in evolutionary genetics—the study of DNA in ancient specimens. He was the first to contribute to the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome
• Pääbo also discovered the hominin Denisova. He received recognition for his groundbreaking research on hominin genomes and human evolution. He was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
• Pääbo pursued his career in the sciences, enrolling at Uppsala University in 1975 for studies in humanities and later medicine
• In 1981, he joined the Department of Cell Research at Uppsala for graduate studies; his research project centred on elucidating the effects on the immune system of E19, a protein produced by infectious adenoviruses
• In 1986, after earning a Ph.D. from Uppsala, he went on for postdoctoral studies, first at the Institute for Molecular Biology II at the University of Zürich and subsequently at the Department of Biochemistry of the University of California at Berkeley
• He later served as a professor of biology at the University of Munich and, in 1997, was made the director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig
• He later also joined the faculty at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology in Japan.

The Nobel Laureates in Literature 2022:

Annie Ernaux:

• Annie Ernaux is a French author known for her lightly fictionalised memoirs, which are written in spare, detached prose
• Her work examines her memories, sometimes revisiting events in later works and reconstructing them, thus revealing the artifice of her genre
• These themes include:
• Her illegal abortion
• Her troubled marriage
• Her mother’s decline from Alzheimer’s
• Her love affairs during middle age
• Her experience with cancer. 
• Ernaux received the 2022 Nobel Prize for Literature for a body of work that has been described as personal yet universal in its depictions of a woman living in the 20th and 21st centuries.

The Nobel Laureates in Peace 2022:

Ales Bialiatski:

• Ales Bialiatski was born in Vyartsilya, Karelia, U.S.S.R. [now in Russia] and is a Belarusian human rights activist and prisoner of conscience known for his work with the Viasna Human Rights Centre. He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2022
• In 1986 Bialiatski co-founded a group of young writers that amplified Belarusian literature and cultural thought and corresponded with a broad awakening of Belarusian national identity
• Ales Bialiatski had an unlikely journey to the Nobel Peace Prize, which began with his university studies in literature in the 1980s, as the Soviet Union entered a period of more open expression.

Memorial:

• Memorial, a Russian human rights organisation, won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2022 for documenting human rights abuses during the Soviet era 
• Memorial was founded as the Group for the Preservation of the Memory of Soviet Repression Victims in Moscow in August 1987
• This organisation played an important role for many years, promoting the right to criticise power and protecting the fundamental rights of citizens 
• This organisation has made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, abuse of power and human rights abuse. 
• This organisation won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022 for representing civil society in its home countries. This organisation has for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect citizens' fundamental rights.

Centre for Civil Liberties:

• Centre for Civil Liberties, a Ukrainian organisation that promotes democracy and civil society, was founded in Kyiv in 2007 by the leaders of human rights organisations from nine former Soviet countries in an attempt to create a cross-border resource centre
• Its formal mission is to establish human rights, promote democracy, and foster solidarity in Ukraine, while the OSCE (Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe) region aims to affirm human dignity.
• More generally, this organisation works to buttress civil society and further the rule of law in pursuit of a full-fledged democracy in Ukraine
• This organisation won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022 for representing civil society in its home countries.

The Nobel Laureates in Economic Sciences 2022:

Ben Bernanke:

• Ben Bernanke, an American Economist, along with two other Economists, were awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics for research on banks and financial crises
• He served as chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014
• Bernanke earned a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT; 1979)
• His first professorial appointment was at Stanford University, where he taught economics from 1979 to 1985. He became a full professor in 1985 
• In 2001 he became editor of the American Economic Review and the following year he was appointed to the Board of Governors of the Fed and he became noted for thorough research and diplomacy when opinions among the governors differed
• His political strengths were also evident in early 2005 when he was named chairman of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers.

Douglas Diamond:

• Douglas Diamond, an American economist and co-winner, with Ben Bernanke and Philip Dybvig, of the 2022 Nobel Prize for Economics for “research on banks and financial crises” 
• He earned M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. degrees in Economics in 1976, 1977, and 1980, respectively from Yale University
• Later, Douglas joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 1979, becoming assistant professor of finance in 1980, associate professor in 1983, and full professor in 1986
• Douglas Diamond was named Theodore O. Yntema Professor of Finance in 1993 and Merton H. Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance in 2000.

Philip Dybvig:

• Philip Dybvig, an American economist and co-winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize for Economics for “research on banks and financial crises” 
• Dybvig earned a B.A. degree in Mathematics and Physics in 1976 from Indiana University and studied economics at the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University
• At Yale, he received M.A. and M.Phil. degrees in economics in 1978 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1979. 
• He subsequently taught economics at Yale University (1979), Princeton University (1980–1981), Washington University (1988 onwards) and the Southwest University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu, China (2010–2021)
• At Washington University, he was named Boatmen’s Bancshares Professor of Banking and Finance in 1990.

Timeline and Prize Details – 2022

Conclusion

The Nobel Prizes for 2022 were given in six main categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The winners were announced from October 3rd to October 10th. The Nobel Week, which included special events and celebrations, took place from December 6th to 12th. The award ceremonies and official banquets were held on December 10th. The Peace Prize ceremony was hosted in Oslo, Norway, while the ceremonies for the other prize categories were held in Stockholm, Sweden

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